A Portrait of the Artist as a Translator. On James Joyce’s translation of Gerhart Hauptmann’s Vor Sonnenaufgang. By Eike Kronshage Gerhart Hauptmann’s Vor Sonnenaufgang The German dramatist Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) wrote his first drama Vor Sonnenaufgang at the age of 27. Hauptmann, though living in the small town of Erkner, a couple of miles southeast… Continue Reading Vor Sonnenaufgang