- BROWN UNIVERSITY, Providence, RI (1966-70). A.B. with major in Religious Studies.
- JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, New York, NY (1974). Teachers Institute, Graduate Division. Non-degree studies in biblical and rabbinic literature and history.
- UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, Philadelphia, PA (1974-1980). Department of Oriental Studies, Near-Eastern Division. Ph.D. (1980), “With Distinction,” in “Post-Biblical Studies” with minor in “Biblical Studies.” Dissertation: “Enosh and His Generation: Scriptural Translation and Interpretation in Late Antiquity.”