The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) has been spreading disease and mayhem around the world since the 1500s. How can we use historical records and population genetics to track its invasions through history and into the present?
key words: Aedes aegypti, dengue, yellow fever, Zika, invasive species, population genetics
Sources and acknowledgments
Scientific literature:
Cornuet, Jean-Marie, et al. “Inferring population history with DIY ABC: a user-friendly approach to approximate Bayesian computation.” Bioinformatics 24.23 (2008): 2713-2719.
Pless, Evlyn, et al. “Multiple introductions of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, into California.” PLoS neglected tropical diseases 11.8 (2017).
Pless, Evlyn, and Vivek Raman. “Origin of Aedes aegypti In Clark County, Nevada.” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 34.4 (2018): 302-305.
Pritchard, Jonathan K., Matthew Stephens, and Peter Donnelly. “Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data.” Genetics 155.2 (2000): 945-959.
Logo:
Evan Chang
Images:
- Dengue image
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Sanofi Pasteur
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/sanofi-pasteur/7413644038
- Engorged A. aegypti
- Public domain
- By Frank Hadley Collins, CDC
- http://www.freestockphotos.biz/stockphoto/16743
- Fall of Rome
- Painting by Cole Thomas and in the public domain
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_Destruction_1836.jpg
- Voldemort image
- Free to share with attribution
- By Hersson Piratoba
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/nossreh/11108574964
- ABRACADABRA image
- Public domain
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abracadabra.jpg
- Mosquito infographic
- Free to share for non-commercial purposes: “All distributed copies must display the following copyright notice: Copyright 2010 Gates Notes, LLC.”
- https://www.gatesnotes.com/Health/Most-Lethal-Animal-Mosquito-Week
- https://www.gatesnotes.com/Terms-of-Use
- Male A. albopictus at flower
- Attribution: Degenaro Lab website
- http://www.degennarolab.org
- Egg raft
- Free to share with attribution
- Author: Sean McCann
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/deadmike/265023985
- Elephant mosquito
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Graham Winterflood
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toxorhynchites_speciosus_5772.jpg
- Culex
- Public domain
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CPipFm.jpg
- A. albopictus on twig
- Free to share (non-commercially) with attribution
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/marcelloconsolo/27858847792
- Marshes
- Attribution: National Park Service
- https://www.nps.gov/piro/learn/nature/wetlands.htm
- Tires
- Mosquito eggs
- Public domain
- Attribution: CDC
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aedes_aegypti_eggs_%E2%80%93_CDC_5129.jpg
- Anopholes drinking blood
- In the common domain but attribution requested
- Photo Credit: James Gathany
- Content Providers(s): CDC
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anopheles_gambiae_mosquito_feeding_1354.p_lores.jpg
- Aedes from side drinking blood:
- Public domain
- By James Gathany, CDC
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aedes_Albopictus.jpg
- Malaria protozoan:
- Free to share with attribution
- Source: Malaria Parasite Connecting to Human Red Blood Cell
- Author: NIAID
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malaria_Parasite_Connecting_to_Human_Red_Blood_Cell_(34034143483).jpg
- A. albopictus displaying its thorax
- A. aegypti from front, displaying lyre:
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Marco Gaiani
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/mgaiani/2240378339
- Zika virus capsid
- Free to share with attribution
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zika-chain-colored.png
- Dengue distribution
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Percherie
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dengue.png
- Microcephaly
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Brar_j- Flickr
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Microcephaly.jpg
- Chikungunya
- Free to share with attribution
- Attribution: Nsaa
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2012-01-09_Chikungunya_on_the_right_feet_at_The_Philippines.jpeg
- Yellow fever image
- Distribution of A. aegypti
- Kraemer, Moritz UG, et al. “The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus.” elife4 (2015): e08347.
- Distribution of A. aegypti in California
- Attribution: Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health
- https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/AedesDistributionMap.pdf
- Detective
- Public domain
- Attribution: K Whiteford
- https://www.needpix.com/photo/1358588/woman-detective-search-magnifying-glass-clue-curious
- DNA clip art
- Free to share with attribution
- AttributionL Greg Emmerich
- https://www.flickr.com/photos/gemmerich/7445337412
- How to read a structure plot figure
- Created by Jeffrey Powell and used with his permission
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